PROTECTED CUSTOMARY RIGHTS

means rights to activities and uses that are conducted according to tikanga – for example, launching waka or gathering stones for hāngi. The activity or use must have a physical component involving a natural or physical resource – the right cannot be based on a spiritual connection on its own. In general these protected customary rights do not include fishing and commercial aquaculture. To show that it has customary rights that should be protected, a Māori group must show that the particular uses and activities have existed continuously since 1840. Te Takutai Moana Act (2011)